The paper provides a review of the state of practice of road pavement engineering in the Philippines, recommending areas for further study. The basic life cycle of pavements includes the stages of planning, design, construction, maintenance, and demolition or rehabilitation. There are mixed perceptions on road pavement engineering in the country. Varying conditions of road pavements around the country are attributed to several factors including those pertaining to structural design, geotechnical conditions, heavy vehicle traffic, and construction and maintenance practices. Typical Portland Cement Concrete Pavement (PCCP) is compared with typical Asphalt Concrete Pavement (ACP) based on their respective financial and technical characteristics in the Philippine setting. The review validates that PCCP is more desirable than ACP when both construction and maintenance costs are examined in combination. However, findings also indicate that PCCP in Philippine highway settings deteriorates significantly well before the 10th year after its construction despite having been designed for a service life of 20 years. In the case of ACP, significant deterioration is often found after 8 years despite a design life of 10 years. Directions for further studies have been identified and lean towards investigation of the actual axle loads, strength and stiffness of the subgrade, highway drainage, construction engineering and management practices, and life cycle costs.